Application to the B.S. N program in New Jersey University ( Nursing Essay

Application to the B.S. N program in New Jersey University ( Nursing Program) - Essay Example HIPAA, the European Privacy Directive, and other like legislation do not concern themselves with the success or failure of a company. If a company's data is simply destroyed, then the legislation does not apply. In some cases of BCP, this type of legislation may apply, as in the case of data being maliciously copied for illegal use, and then the original source being destroyed. In this line of reasoning, the legislation that already exists is sufficient. BCP has to do with the preparation of functional copies of data that the business can use to continue to function. This will help save the business money in the case of an interruption. The success of businesses should not be legislated. It should not be against the law for a business to fail. --Doug I guess I am thinking of the stock market, banks, telecommunications, and other private companies. If they don't have a BCP and their services become unavailable, there are potentially serious consequences for the Nation. Doesn't the US government have a responsbility to ensure that critical areas have a BCP so that the country can function in case of an emergency Not tell them HOW to do it, but that they must do it and have some requirements to ensure it is being done. You are right. For example, the SCADA systems that govern the distribution/transmission of electricity and gas, must absolutely remain operational.

The Vices and the Virtues of the Middle Ages Essay Example for Free

The Vices and the Virtues of the Middle Ages Essay The Middle Ages reflected a continuum of events that greatly influenced the way of living of the people in Europe. It was a very long period of struggle among the social classes, invasion of barbarians, cross cultural influences, feudalism and its decline, famine, plague, strong Roman Catholic influence, series of wars lasting for almost a century, as well as the dawn of reformation and humanism. Thus, it is very hard to conclude a particular value distinct in this era (Benton, 192). If we are going to compare Europe in its earlier days when the Roman Empire fell as to the latter part when Europe began to experience reformation, we would definitely see a big difference. European civilization at the start of the Middle Ages was more chaotic and primitive. On the other hand, the latter part of the epoch was more peaceful and new inventions made the lives of people easier and paved the way for urbanization (Benton 193). During the start of the Middle Ages, the Roman Empire was on the verge of collapse. It can be attributed to poor governance and illogical decisions of the Roman emperors. The government dwelled too much on rigorous military training and preparation for warfare. It had forgotten the other needs of its constituents such as food and proper education. There was a very slow development in culture and arts as well as in trade. As a result, people lived in fear and submission. Their virtues were greatly influenced by war and survival. Evidently, they care less about human life and its worth (Benton 193). When the Roman Empire suffered from attacks and invasions from barbarians, most of the Roman heritage was devastated. Some Roman edifices were unnecessarily destroyed. There were series of migration from one area to another in search of a better place. During this time, only the strong and victorious in war got the power to rule the land. Along with that, influences from other culture began to enter Europe that left remnants like the design of the architectural edifices. Since the people were weary of wars and fears of barbaric invasion, they seek citadel from someone who was capable to protect them. Thus, the era of feudalism began. The hierarchy in the society was formed based on land ownership. The land was subdivided among feudal lords who would give protection and lease the land to the subject and in turn, the latter needed to work for the former. In this system, the feudal lords became very wealthy while the peasants became very poor. The wealthy lords became very abusive and greedy towards their subjects while the latter at first were tolerant and submissive. In this system, only the rich and the powerful had access to a comfortable and abundant life. There was a big distinction between the wealthy and the poor. Thus, it was almost impossible for peasants to improve their quality of life. The abuse of feudal lords sparked the revolt of medieval towns and formation of guilds that caused the decline of feudalism (â€Å"Feudalism†). Through the formation of guilds, a better system of governance was created. There was greater emphasis on human relations and alliance. People with the same expertise group together and formed guilds. The people were encouraged to enhance their craft. The system of trade and business improved during this time and a new class or level of society emerged (Benton 193). The influence of the Roman Catholic Church was placidly reflected on the lives of the medieval people. Their outlook in life and social relations were based on the teachings of the Church. People were encouraged to live a pious life. The Church also played a major role in the formation of formal schools and universities. Thus, a lot of people started to have a formal schooling. Thus a system of education began to form. Thus Europe began to learn and establish fundamental (Benton 193). I could say that wars, famine and plague infested Europe on the latter part of the century that adversely affected the lives of the people. Because of massive deaths, hunger and unending wars, people tend to doubt the existence of God and the Catholic Church. It was aggravated by the abusive and greedy religious rulers that led to the revolt and rise of different sects and religion. Thus, Christianity was divided and people have an alternate doctrine to believe. Liberal minds began to emerge. The widespread epidemic made people become resourceful and determined in exploring the human anatomy and trying to find a cure for the disease. Thus, these series of unfortunate events probably served as a good driving force that made people appreciate humanity, thirst for more knowledge and invent things to improve the lives of the people (Benton 193). How have the Great Plague, the Crusades, and the Spanish Inquisition influenced modern thought? The Great Plague caused massive devastation ever recorded in European history. It was the worst plague that caused the death of millions of people. It happened in 1665 when the Bubonic plague spread in Europe in the spring and summer. This disease, also known as the Black Death in England, was acquired from fleas and characterized by swelling of the gland, darkening of the skin accompanied with fever and severe pain (Defoe). In the book â€Å"History of plague in London† (Defoe), the author Daniel Defoe placidly elaborated a great number of people who died in the disease as recorded in the parish and how it spread across Europe. The disease was widespread that it almost wiped off the population. (Defoe 9) I could say that this tragedy compelled great minds to explore further the human anatomy. They tried to study how the human body works and tried to find a cure to this disease. Our modern medicine will not be as advanced and effective as it is today without these rudiments. Through a series of failures and success, cures for a variety of disease were found. The importance of proper sanitation to prevent the spread of disease was also considered. The Crusaders were soldiers who vowed to protect the Christendom and the Holy Land. The period of their realm lasted for centuries. The helped protect the Roman Catholic Church against its opponents. It stirred up the people to defend their faith against the non-believers. They also traveled far to protect the Holy Land. The Crusaders acquired great influence and power that they were able to contribute a lot in the political structure, economy as well as socio-cultural heritage of the Western Civilization. To sustain the needs of the army, the Crusaders traveled far and wide and fostered trade in areas they visit. Thus, trade among areas in Europe began to develop until this day. Along with that, their great influence in politics might have led to the formation of a bureaucratic government. During the voyage, they were able to find religious and cultural artifacts that enriched our modern history (â€Å"The Crusades†). The Spanish Inquisition was a period that occurred when the monarch of Spain wanted to unify Spain in the Catholic religion. During those times, a lot of other religions thrived in Spain like Judaism and Islam. The rulers of Spain collaborated with the pope to perform an inquisition and get rid of non-Catholic believers in Spain. The government and Church authorities were given the privilege to conduct an investigation to identify the non-believers. This was a ruthless procedure that was more political rather than religious. It greatly influenced the culture and history of Spain. Their culture today still reflects the Catholic faith as well as their festivities and devotion. The abuse and havoc caused by the Spanish inquisition were some of the factors that stirred up revolt and rise of Protestantism and paved way for the separation of the Church and the State (â€Å"The Spanish Inquisition†). What were the vices and virtues of this relatively homogenous Christian European experience? During the Middle Ages, it can be noted that the Roman Catholic Church held the seat of power as they greatly influenced the beliefs and the moral standards of the people. Since the Church led the development of formal education, its main course focused on religion. They set a standard of what is right and wrong thing to do. They have defined vice as a sin against the God and His people. It is an offense against the Absolute being. The repercussions of vices would be punishment after death. However, this can be absolved by penance through confession. The Church had identified series of vices that should be avoided. However, the list changed through time. The recent list that requires absolution from a priest includes gluttony, pride, envy, lust, anger, greed and sloth. Gluttony is getting too much of what one can consume. Pride refers to too much belief in oneself and failure to consider God’s authority. Envy refers to excessive desire on what others have. Lust refers to the excessive desires of the body and sex. Anger refers to hatred and grudge against another person. Greed refers to the excessive craving for material things. Lastly, Sloth refers to excessive laziness. These are considered as the deadly sin because they cause the death of the soul (â€Å"The Virtues and Vices in Medieval Society†). Of course, the Church also exemplified a pious life through practice of virtues. These virtues were categorized into cardinal, theological, contrary, heavenly virtues and the corporal works of mercy. It can be observed that there are seven in each. The Seven Heavenly virtues were faith, hope, charity, fortitude, justice, temperance, prudence. The 7 The Seven Contrary Virtues were humility, kindness, abstinence, chastity, patience, liberality and diligence. The Seven Corporal Works of Mercy were also encouraged like giving food to the hungry people, offering a drink to the thirsty, sharing a shelter with the homeless, helping in burying the dead, spending time with the sick, enlightening the prisoners and giving clothes to the cold and naked. These were the virtues greatly encouraged by the Church up until this day (â€Å"The Virtues and Vices in Medieval Society†). Works Cited Benton, William. â€Å"Middle Ages. † Encyclopaedia Britannica. 1971 ed. â€Å"Crusades. † On-line Reference Book for Medieval Studies. 4 April 2009 http://www.the-orb. net/encyclop/religion/crusades/legacy. html Defoe, Daniel. History of the Plague in London. N. p: n. p, 2005. â€Å"The Spanish Inquisition. † Koeller, David W. 5 May 1997. Western and Central Europe Chronology. 04 April 2009 http://www. thenagain. info/WebChron/westeurope/SpanInqui. html â€Å"The Virtues and Vices in Medieval Society. † Library of St. Nicholas. 4 April 2009 http://nicolaa5. tripod. com/articles/vice. html â€Å"Feudalism. † Vinogradoff, Paul. 1924. Cambridge Medieval History. 4 April 2009 http://socserv. mcmaster. ca/~econ/ugcm/3ll3/vinogradoff/feudal

The Matrix :: essays research papers

The Matrix, The â€Å"Western† Never Known   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As stated by the title, there is great reason why the Matrix should be treated in the same context, although not identified, as a western. This film genre is steeped in tradition and lore. There are many definitions abound as to what may constitute a â€Å"Western film.† The main goal is to see whether or not this paper can illustrate the genre be pushed towards the future. Whether it means the 20th century, the 21st century or the distant future. This genre can grow towards something bigger and more exciting. This paper will attempt to explore this debate and give reasoning’s as to what defines a Western, how the Matrix lives up to and modifies the stated definition, will go into the films background such as director, producer, film reviews, etc. Finally the paper will discuss the theme, tone, setting, characters and casting, acting style, lighting, imagery, musical score, and special effects.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Defining a film genre is in some ways difficult and simplistic. Every genre has stated what would define its boundaries. The difficult part is finding one that is solidified by the movies in the genre. The stated definition that this paper will digest and regurgitate is that a Western is a film which is set in the American frontier west. The typical time setting is somewhere in the mid to late 19th century and early 20th century(Dirks, 1). They glorify the past-fading values and aspirations of the mythical by-gone age of the American West(Dirks, 1). Over time, however, Westerns have been redefined, re-invented and expanded, dismissed, re-discovered, and spoofed. This actually makes the definition more lucid, making other films flexible enough to fit quite nicely into the genre.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Westerns also state that these films represent the ideals of a growing nation. Expanding and maintaining established territories is what is at the heart of older Western films as â€Å"Manifest Destiny† puts up in dialogue constantly. This particular fact is a main point which will be revisited. Dominating the unknown and uprooting natives or peoples who have been established long before the conquerors.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are many central conflicts in old westerns. The battle between good and evil is the most common. Others include man vs. man, east vs. west, human vs. nature, or in the Matrix’s case, man vs. machine.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Does the Matrix live up to these ideals of a Western? Yes, in more ways than one.

Career Competence Factors Worksheet Essay

he essential skills and abilities associated with students’ personal learning styles are many of the capabilities hiring managers look for when reviewing applications. University of Phoenix learning goals represent another set of core competencies that can help you become recognized as an exceptional candidate or employee. Part A Complete the Personality Spectrum on pp. 66–67 in Ch. 3 of Keys to Success. Based on the results, respond to the following: What is your primary strength? Organizer How does this strength make you a strong candidate or employee? This strength makes me a strong candidates/employment, based on my ability to make decisions, participation on special projects, my flexibility to transition between tasks and learn new duties, my ability to learn new skills, working well with others in a team environment, promote the ideas to teammates in the best interests of the employer, have excellence communication skills to convey messages to others through verbal and written communication, includes ability to listen and relate to others, dependable and responsible, shows up to work everyday on time, and responsible for completing tasks, my leadership skills to promote to others to motivate them to work at their highest level to reach the goals of employer. What is one area of improvement? ADVENTURER How can you improve in this area to become a stronger candidate or employee? Need to improve on having a strong ego and not be hesitant using it to my advantage, need to enjoy challenges instead of just working them out, come up with new projects to motivate others to maximized there potentials. Part B Read the University of Phoenix Material: University of Phoenix Learning Goals, included in the materials for this assignment. Fill in the following matrix with summaries of how each university learning goal can help you with career preparedness. Do not copy the language used in the materials; instead, please explain these goals in your own words. University Learning Goal How can each goal prepare you for success in the workplace? Professional Competence and Values Critical Thinking and Problem Solving Communication Information Utilization Collaboration

Business Law & Ethics Essay

Consider the possible conflicts between legally doing business and selling fast-food, given the increasing evidence of how it is a significant contributing factor in public health, obesity, and diabetes facing many Americans. Now, based on what you’ve learned in this module, answer the following: A) After reading the Inside Story section of Chapter 1, do you agree with how Disney Company is handling the issue? Why or why not? B) Does government (federal, state, or local) have a right or a responsibility to get involved in this conflict? If so, what and to what limit? If not, why not? Provide sound reasoning for your stance and back it up with references, if possible. Your logic should be factual, not emotional. Then, reply to two or more of your classmates’ postings (three additional postings are needed for an â€Å"Exemplary† grade). See the Discussion Rubric for additional information and grading criteria. The case involved McDonald and Disney is about childhoo d obesity caused by many advertising that promote fast food in the United States. The McDonald Company leads the most successful advertising that drives children to obesity. Under the pressure of different sectors, Fast Food Company such as McDonald is required to reconsider the effect of its powerful advertising on a child’s health condition, specifically the issues of child obesity (Bagley & Savage, 2010). Disney is created for the children, then eating healthy should be a real concern regarding children to Disney. Disney and McDonald had signed a pact, and McDonald fast food is unhealthy for children. With the growing number of child obesity, eating fast food, especially McDonald, Disney had to take a stand in this case. I agree with how Disney is handling the issue because there were guidelines provided by Disney on how the children should eat the McDonald’s food. If McDonald kid’s meal did not meet the requirement guidelines provided by Disney, then, Disney has the right to end its contract with McDonald Company. The obesity problem may h ave short term effect such as high cholesterol or high blood pressure, and long term effect such as type 2 diabetes, stroke, several types of cancer, and osteoarthritis on those children, according to research. For example, the percentage of children aged 6–11 years in the United States who were obese increased from 7% in 1980 to nearly 18% in 2012. Similarly, the percentage of adolescents aged 12–19 years who were obese increased from 5% to nearly 21% over the same period. 1, 2, and in 2012, more than one third of children and  adolescents were overweight or obese. [†¦]. I believe government has both right and responsibility to get involved in this conflict because child obesity is not a small case. Because of eating unhealthy, children are risk of some types of disease, and the obesity rate is very high. Government has to regulate laws regarding children eating unhealthy food due to influential advertising promoted by fast food companies. Government needs to get involved in this conflict until there is a solution to lower calories volume provided by fast food restaurants even they do not directly tell anyone to eat their food. However, that is the reason they advertis e their food, so people can buy them’ it is a business marketing to attract customers.

Useful Stock Phrases for Your Business Emails

Useful Stock Phrases for Your Business Emails Useful Stock Phrases for Your Business Emails Useful Stock Phrases for Your Business Emails By Ali Hale When I wrote a post on email etiquette, one reader, Juan, left a comment to ask for some advice (I’ve changed his punctuation a bit for clarity’s sake): I just discovered your page and I love it. Please teach me before we sign off the mail with â€Å"warm regards† etc ,we also always using some phrasal sentences such as â€Å"please look into this matter† or â€Å"thank you in advance†, â€Å"I would be very appreciate on your help in this matter†, etc. Could you please write some more like those in different contents of mails? What Juan’s describing here are stock phrases. If you write a lot of emails, you’ll often find yourself facing the same sorts of situations again and again, and you’ll often see stock phrases used in business emails to convey a professional, helpful and friendly tone. I agree with Juan that it can definitely help to have some ready-crafted sentences on hand for including in your emails – either just keeping them in mind, or creating a document on your computer to hold them ready for copy-and-pasting. The trick is to make them heart-felt rather than copied-and-pasted. There are a few phrases which I see constantly in emails from huge technical support firms, government offices and similar organisations: used carelessly, they can feel distancing or insincere. I’ve listed some options below for different types of email situations, such as: When you’re initiating email contact with someone new When you’ve answered someone’s question When you’re asking the recipient to take some action When you need a response (but not necessarily any action taking) When you’ve heard nothing back and want to chase up a reply Unless your boss is particularly uptight, why not try going with the more informal ones? I work in a small technical support team who have a great reputation for being friendly, helpful and accessible – in part, because we use everyday language and remember that we’re writing to people, not just trying to knock another email out of the queue. Here’s some examples you might want to use, or modify, for your own email messages †¦ feel free to bookmark the page, or print it out for easy reference. When you’re initiating email contact with someone new Very formal â€Å"Might I take a moment of your time† (to begin the email) â€Å"Please may I introduce myself† (to begin the email) â€Å"Many thanks again for your time.† (to end the email) More informal/friendly â€Å"Im just emailing to ask† (to begin the email) â€Å"Im a friend of Bobs† (to begin the email) â€Å"Just let me know if you have any questions.† (to end the email) â€Å"Drop me an email, or give me a ring, if you want any more information.† (to end the email) When youve answered someones question(s) Very formal â€Å"I trust the above resolves your queries. Should you have any further questions, please do not hesitate to contact me.† More informal/friendly â€Å"I know thats a lot to take in, so let me know if anything Ive said doesnt make sense.† â€Å"Hope the above helps, but email again if youre still having any difficulties.† When you’re asking the recipient to take some action Very formal â€Å"I would appreciate your help in this matter.† More informal/friendly â€Å"Could you look into this?† â€Å"Would you mind checking it out for me?† â€Å"Thanks in advance.† â€Å"Can you get back to me once youve had a chance to investigate?† â€Å"Id love to hear your advice on this one.† When you need a response (but not necessarily any action taking) Very formal â€Å"I await a response at your earliest convenience.† More informal/friendly â€Å"Can you drop me a quick word so I know youve received this?† â€Å"Look forward to hearing from you.† When you’ve heard nothing back and want to chase up a reply Very formal â€Å"In reference to my email of June 20th †¦Ã¢â‚¬  More informal/friendly â€Å"Just wondered if you got my email (June 20th)?† â€Å"When you get a moment, could you drop me a line about my last email?† Do you have any favourite stock phrases that you use in your work emails? Add yours in the comments! Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Business Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Program vs. Programme"Confused With" and "Confused About"Comment, Suggestion, and Feedback

First Impression Essay Example

First Impression Essay Example First Impression Essay First Impression Essay Eric ZavalaEnglish 101Professor Terry Benjamin14 September 2014My First Impression in English 101 The first day in my English 101 class has brought me excitement and eagerness that will help me to be successful in the class. Unlike the other English classes I took I find English 101 as entertaining and something to look forward every day. The best part of English 101 is that this class can allow me to show my strengths and weakness of reading and writing. English 101 provides me with a great opportunity to improve on my writing skills, which is an area I need assistance. My first impression of English 101 is that it can be beneficial to students, including myself who are seeking improvements in making my writing better, it will allow me to make my vocabulary to expand by reading books and will help me to accomplish my expectations in the class. My first impression of English 101 is that it can benefit myself by improving on my writing and making me a better writer. Writing essays and research paper has been considered one of my weakness subject because of my organization and grammar usage that is affecting my writing. As a writer, I bunched my ideas everywhere and there is no sense what I want to write about. On the other hand, one of my strengths of writing is that I can write a clear thesis statement and my brainstorming is well written. English 101 is a class that will prepared me to become a improve writer and will allow me to receive the assistance of students who will be happy to help my writing and make it better. Due to my professor expectations of English 101, I understand that in order for myself to improve on my writing I must show effort and dedication to my writing. This English class will provide me a great opportunity to express my ideas of writing and provided the help of my fellow peers who needs my assistance to become successful. Expanding on vocabulary is an important key component that will help a student to improve on

Understanding the Basics of Prepegs

Understanding the Basics of Prepegs Prepreg composite materials are becoming increasingly common in the composite industry due to their ease of use, consistent properties, and high-quality surface finish. However, there is much to understand about prepregs prior to committing to using this material. Prepreg The term prepreg is actually an abbreviation for the phrase pre-impregnated. A prepreg is an FRP reinforcement that is pre-impregnated with a resin. Most often, the resin is an epoxy resin, however other types of resins can be used, including the majority of thermoset and thermoplastic resins. Although both are technically prepregs, thermoset and thermoplastic prepregs are dramatically different. Thermoplastic Prepregs Thermoplastic prepregs are composite reinforcements (fiberglass, carbon fiber, aramid, etc.) that are pre-impregnated with thermoplastic resin. Common resins for thermoplastic prepregs include PP, PET, PE, PPS, and PEEK. Thermoplastic prepregs can be provided in unidirectional tape, or in fabrics that are woven or stitched. The primary difference between thermoset and thermoplastic prepreg is that thermoplastic prepregs are stable at room temperature, and generally, do not have a shelf life. This is a direct result of the differences between thermoset and thermoplastic resins. Thermoset Prepregs More commonly used in prepreg composite manufacturing is thermoset prepregs. The primary resin matrix used is epoxy. Other thermoset resins are made into prepregs including BMI and phenolic resins. With a thermoset prepreg, the thermosetting resin starts as a liquid and fully impregnates the fiber reinforcement. Excess resin is precisely removed from the reinforcement. Meanwhile, the epoxy resin undergoes partial curing, changing the state of the resin from a liquid to a solid. This is known as the B-stage. In the B-stage, the resin is partially cured, and usually tacky. When the resin is brought up to an elevated temperature, it often returns briefly to a liquid state prior to hardening completely. Once cured, the thermoset resin which was in the b-stage is now fully cross-linked. Advantages of Prepregs Perhaps the greatest advantage of using prepregs is their ease of use. For example, say one is interested in manufacturing a flat panel out of carbon fiber and epoxy resin. If they were to use liquid resin in a closed molding or open molding process, they would be required to obtain a fabric, the epoxy resin, and the hardener for the epoxy. Most epoxy hardeners are considered hazardous, and dealing with resins in a liquid state can be messy. With an epoxy prepreg, only one item needs to be ordered. An epoxy prepreg comes on a roll and has the desired amount of both resin and hardener already impregnated in the fabric. Most thermoset prepregs come with a backing film on both sides of the fabric to protect it during transit and preparations. The prepreg is then cut to the desired shape, the backing is peeled off, and the prepreg is then laid into the mold or tool. Both heat and pressure are then applied for the specified amount of time. Some of the most common types of prepregs take an hour to cure, at around 250 degrees F, but different systems are available at both lower and higher cure temperatures and times. Disadvantages of Prepregs Shelf Life: Since the epoxy is in a B-stage, it is required to be stored either refrigerated or frozen prior to use. Additionally, the overall shelf life can be low.Cost Prohibitive: When manufacturing composites through a process such as pultrusion or vacuum infusion, the raw fiber, and resin are combined on-site. When using prepregs, the raw material must first be prepregged. This is most often done off-site at a specialized company that focuses on prepregs. This added step in the manufacturing chain can add increased cost, and in some instances close to double the material cost.

Lancome Brand Management in China & USA Dissertation

Lancome Brand Management in China & USA - Dissertation Example Existing surveys about Lancome were utilized to discover the differences in customer acceptance in the two countries. To countercheck the findings of surveys, online articles, annual reports of L’Oreal, the mother company of Lancome, and other reading materials were considered as references. Primary survey of 20 Chinese respondents and 20 American respondents revealed the impact or brand management, brand equity, and brand equity value in terms of 65% of total demand for luxury cosmetics among the Chinese and 50% for the Americans. Findings showed that other than differences in preferences about what is considered beautiful and the differences in attitude as well as behavior of consumers with regards to luxury cosmetics, indeed the brand management theory is practiced in both countries. It states people value quality, consistency with good experiences with a product, and would also appreciate gaining added value from the same brand. Its value is initially gained from discoveries of risks with using the product. Since there are more competitors in the USA which are also branded and known to be safe and the market is saturated, Lancome in the USA faces price competition, whereas in China, due to less competitors that are known to be similarly safe cosmetics and many more cities do not have such a quality cosmetic, Lancome China has been growing faster in spite of the much higher prices of its products. Lancome cosmetics in the USA are known as Privilege Cosmetics while in China, it is a luxury with the best quali ty – safest to use, best value, consistent and predictable with the many years of its existence. Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1 Background Globalization of businesses and the need for developed countries to look for new markets have been challenging marketing managers to find ways and means to penetrate economies for quality products to be appreciated, accepted, and established. One effective way has been brand marketing. France, the home of Lancome brand managed by its mother company L’Oreal, had formulated this luxury cosmetics since 1935. It was Armand Petitjean who invented it while L’Oreal decided to own it by 1964. The success of this brand in the world market has reaped for the company $5.5 billion worth of brand value, according to Forbes (2012). Lancome was named # 75 most powerful brand covering all products worldwide. As of 2012, its sales total had reached $ 3.8 billion. L’Oreal brand is # 25. Avon is # 70. These three are under the same consumer packaged goods industry. Lancome has outperformed Avon in China through brand marketing management strategies since Avon is more on direct selling which is said to be â€Å"25% about the brand and 75% about the sales channel† (Kowitt 2012, par. 9). In North America, L’Oreal’s Clarisonic cosmetic brand experienced a â€Å"double-digit growth† in 2012 (L’Oreal 2012). 1.2 Objectives The overall aim is to prove that the principles in brand

Investigating the impact of Information Technology on a career or Term Paper

Investigating the impact of Information Technology on a career or profession of Healthcare - Term Paper Example Requirement for researchers to facilitate practitioners recognize how information technology can advance hospitals’ productivity is evident. As people are becoming more and more aged, population is becoming a challenge in social and economic sector worldwide. In the United States, people with age over 65 are expected to hit 70 million by 2030. This figure is doubled as compared to 35 million in 2000. Health care in the context of Information technology has become an obsession globally. These increments are been observer globally. The old aged people having diseases, requiring constant monitoring and medication and need to visit the hospitals and clinics on a regular basis. If the disease is identified at the initial stage by health monitoring techniques, the quality of life will be improved and many lives can be saved. At the same time, investigating the disease can reduce the cost and resources which are utilized for the treatment of a patient. The cost related to health care is also an emerging problem (Durresi et al. 211-218). For example, expenditures in the United States will grow to 15.9% for the health care from the GDP of $2.6 trillion by 2010 ("Keynote "). The Research and education along with the clinical practice is the key element facilitating the healthcare realm. The use of online screening tools can be accessed from the Internet is increasing. People are keener to find information regarding health and diseases from the Internet instead of visiting the doctor, which is a long and time consuming process (Koivunen et al. 1141-1150). The usability of computers systems is always an issue. The staff is not motivational to use computing devices installed in hospitals and medical resources. The research on the individual factors on health care staff’s computer use in psychiatric hospitals was conducted by (Koivunen et al. 1141-1150). The aim of the study was to examine the individual factors of

The most important asset in any organization is its people Research Paper

The most important asset in any organization is its people - Research Paper Example The most important asset in any organization is definitely its people. Apple, Inc. is a benchmark of best practice in customer relationship management to gain market loyalty and maintain its high competitive edge. Apple performs what is referred to as movement marketing, an interactive CRM program that does not simply tell customers what products they develop, instead Apple builds interaction with buyers to gain trust and respect for its products (Goodson 2). Apple utilizes social media in a variety of different formats, such as Facebook and Twitter, to engage customers in real-time relationship development. One must keep in mind that none of these CRM concepts occur in a proverbial vacuum, it requires talent management and direct development of website content and mobile marketing communications to build a positive identity with customer segments. If Apple did not engage its employees to be relevant and socially-important elements of the consumer experience, it would lose considerab le market share to other technology producers. It should be recognized that Apple would not be able to maintain its high market share without human intervention in movement marketing. Organizations that rely on corporate or individual venture capitalist investment to succeed in their markets are more successful when they use human capital to justify investment opportunities. Companies that have a well-established corporate culture are considered to sustain some of the best investment opportunities (Very et al. 598). Investors seem to understand that human capital gives a business substantial advantage in terms of better performance, better knowledge transfer and technical expertise. When a company requires investment, they are in a better position to gain investor support when they provide evidence of quality culture existing within the business structure. Companies that are decentralized also have high advantage since decision-making is shared by a variety of skilled professionals instead of just being dictated by a single executive. According to W.E. Deming, a respected business theorist, 85 percent of all business failures are a direct product of management. Businesses that want to remove failures from its strategic plans and goals require risk analysis, environmental scanning, and recognition of potential opportunities. A business has much more advantage when these activities occur from many different knowledge professionals than through the single assessments of one executive leader. Finally, the most important asset is people due to the fact that organizations need to provide products and services that fit a consumer need. What distinguishes a successful product or service brand from competing brands is the personality and attitude of the brand. According to marketing theory, consumers will become attached to a product or service if it provides them with opportunities for self-expansion and self-esteem growth. It is from brand attachment where loyalty is established. In order to accomplish this, such as with companies like Cover Girl, the business must use effective promotional materials that have lifestyle relevancy and can illustrate that the organization can

Contingency plan for sailing yachts charter Essay - 2

Contingency plan for sailing yachts charter - Essay Example It includes fire prevention, fire fighting practices, and pirating activities as they might impact business operations or the well-being of ship and crew. Because this represents a luxury market, kidnapping and resource plundering as the result of pirating activities, which are on the rise, must be recognized. Fire represents the largest assessed risk for the business’ disaster management programme. In the event of disaster situations, the vessel and its associated dispatch and control teams will establish an incident control system modelled after that in use by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security. The ICS structure â€Å"establishes common terminology that allows diverse incident management and support entities to work together across a wide variety of incident management functions and hazard scenarios† (thebreakingnews.com, 2004, p.16). ICS modelling for incident control provides an organizational framework by which to handle different real-time disaster situations. Dispatch efforts will include making appropriate contact with local coast guard authorities if the situation cannot be controlled effectively by the officer in charge as well as the Fire Brigade. ______________________ The existence of rogue waves and other atmospheric phenomenon is a genuine risk to operating the business and pose potential risks to the health and safety on crew and customers. There are no appropriate mitigation risks in the event of these scenarios, however wave measurement technology includes fully-functional measurement systems to identify risk (chl.erdc.army.mil, 2009). It is the responsibility of the information technology support team to ensure these technologies are implemented on board and functioning properly for ongoing risk mitigation. This is controlled at the operational and organizational levels and will be run through diagnostic systems checks periodically as mandated by technology needs. In the event of

Compare and contrast the flood story Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Compare and contrast the flood story - Essay Example Despite the chronological and spatial disparity between the Epic of Gilgamesh and the Hebrew Bible, striking similarities abound between them, as shall be seen in the ensuing discussion. The Hebrew Bible and the Epic of Gilgamesh agree that the global flooding took place in ancient times. For instance, the Chaldean Flood Tablets have been established to date back to at least 2000 BC, while the Genesis account, 1450-1410 BC. It is also interesting to note that in both accounts, the universal flood is presented as divine intervention. For instance, in the Chaldean Flood Tablets, there is a description on how Ea, the Babylonian deity reaching a decision to extirpate all life, with the ark dwellers being the only exception. It is for this reason that Ea, the creator of heaven and earth chose Utnapishtim and instructed him to make a six-storey ark. In Genesis, the flood is also a divine intervention by the Judeo-Christian God, Jehovah. He decides to end life forms on earth, chooses (to save) Noah and his family and instructs Noah on how on make the ark. Heidel divulges that in both cases, the flood is universal and brings an end to life forms, particularly, mankind, terrestrial life and all flying species. The flood covered all physical features such as land and mountain. Because of this, an ark is given to the main character. In the Hebrew Bible, the main character is Noah, while in the Epic of Gilgamesh, it is Utnapishtim. In both accounts, Noah and Utnapishtim are chosen because they are righteous men. It is also important to note that in both accounts, the arks are very huge, so that they can contain different animal species. Both arks in Genesis and the Epic of Gilgamesh have at least a door and a window (Heidel, 44). In both accounts, samples of animal species were to be taken aboard the ark. The animals are taken in male-and-female, for the purpose of

Contingency plan for sailing yachts charter Essay - 2

Contingency plan for sailing yachts charter - Essay Example It includes fire prevention, fire fighting practices, and pirating activities as they might impact business operations or the well-being of ship and crew. Because this represents a luxury market, kidnapping and resource plundering as the result of pirating activities, which are on the rise, must be recognized. Fire represents the largest assessed risk for the business’ disaster management programme. In the event of disaster situations, the vessel and its associated dispatch and control teams will establish an incident control system modelled after that in use by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security. The ICS structure â€Å"establishes common terminology that allows diverse incident management and support entities to work together across a wide variety of incident management functions and hazard scenarios† (thebreakingnews.com, 2004, p.16). ICS modelling for incident control provides an organizational framework by which to handle different real-time disaster situations. Dispatch efforts will include making appropriate contact with local coast guard authorities if the situation cannot be controlled effectively by the officer in charge as well as the Fire Brigade. ______________________ The existence of rogue waves and other atmospheric phenomenon is a genuine risk to operating the business and pose potential risks to the health and safety on crew and customers. There are no appropriate mitigation risks in the event of these scenarios, however wave measurement technology includes fully-functional measurement systems to identify risk (chl.erdc.army.mil, 2009). It is the responsibility of the information technology support team to ensure these technologies are implemented on board and functioning properly for ongoing risk mitigation. This is controlled at the operational and organizational levels and will be run through diagnostic systems checks periodically as mandated by technology needs. In the event of

How do companies in the retailing industry use twitter to interact Dissertation

How do companies in the retailing industry use twitter to interact with their customers Is Twitter a good tool to interact with - Dissertation Example The notion of â€Å"going global† that was once considered as a prestigious strategic option and it was reserved for mighty organizations in the past (Hennig-Thurau 2010). But in the current scenario of the global economy all of the companies regardless of age and size have the option to serve globally. The common examples that started small and with the passage of time went global include the names of Microsoft and Wal-Mart. The former one has its roots in a small room and the other one started out as a tiny shop in the village. The only thing that has helped the process of evolution in the business world is known as entrepreneurial skills and instincts. The abovementioned attributes has the power to help the process of economic growth and the internet grew significantly because it subliminally fulfilled the purpose of the business that is to experience growth (Raacke & Bonds-Raacke 2008). The cliche is true that states that the company which is not growing then perhaps it is dying out. The global reach is going to be the decisive factor of success in the futuristic market conditions of the international economy in the near future. The internet’s role is increasing in driving the lives of humans (Baird & Parasnis 2011). The internet technology is a huge network of networks that has infiltrated every aspect of human life and the essence of social life is also being lost because it is a complete rarity to communicate face to face. Everyone is using Twitter as the source of socializing (Kaplan & Haenlein 2011). According to modern psychology, the practice of e-socializing is bad for community because in the practical sense, the practice is playing a very powerful role in terms of adding loneliness in the lives. Introduction The information technology has become an integral part of common man’s life throughout the world and therefore, the companies have to adapt their practices in order to accommodate changing and fluxing preferences of the cu stomers (Edvardsson & Gruber 2011). The internet has grown as a notable and major means of doing business in the modern era of the 21st century. The e-commerce is effectively allowing the smaller firms to compete the larger ones in the global marketplace and because of this reason, the playing field has been leveled and that is allowing the organizational and managerial focus to shift from growing in size to efficiency (Kima & Ko 2012). The core business philosophy that is currently being followed in all walks of life is to drive down the costs so that product and service quality can be improved while, experiencing significant growth in terms of profitability (Thackeray, Neiger, Hanson, & McKenzie 2008). The modern times have also witnessed a massive level of knowledge explosion that has indeed made all of the world’s knowledge available on the web and therefore, every business has the ability to avail the information against minimal costs and this information is then, implem ented in the several fields (Boulton & Panizzon 1998). The Chinese nation has developed as an economic superpower because it managed to gather the knowledge that was created and implemented in the west. After gathering the information, Chinese government provided an infrastructure that supported and helped the local scholars in the process of contextualizing the knowledge and that very

Salem Telephone Company Case Solution Essay Example for Free

Salem Telephone Company Case Solution Essay In order to improve their net income, Flores has suggested three options as follows. Option 1 is to increase the price to $1,000 per hour while reduce demand by 30%; option 2 is to reduce the price to $600 per hour while increase demand by 30%; option 3 is to increase revenue hours by up to 30% through increasing their promotion cost. Each option will affect net income in the following ways: For option 1: Profit 1 = 205 hours * $400 per hour + $1,000 per hour * (138 * 70%) hours – total hours (205 + 138 * 70%) * variable cost $28.7 per hour – total fixed cost 2,939= -,994. 92 For option 2: Profit 2 = 205(400) +600(138 * 130%)-(179.4 +205)*(28.7) -212,939= -$34,331.28 For option 3: Profit 3 =205(400) +800(179.4)-(205 + 179.4)*(28.7) -212,939 = $1,548.72 In conclusion, for option1 and 2, both will decrease in net income. Option 1 will decrease net income by (-30,383) (-42,994.92) = $12,611.82, and option 2 will decrease net income by (-30,383) (-34,331.28) = $3,948.18. For option3, net income will increase to a benefit amount. If the promotion expense is equal to or less than 1548.72, this option should be taken consideration. On the other hand, if the promotion expense exceeds 1,548.72, the net income will turn into negative. However, as long as it is more profitable than -$30,383, option 3 is the optimal choice. Since option 1 and 2 make their net income even worse and option 3 requires them to spend very little on promotion, there is a suggestion to close SDS instead of keeping it. However, if they close SDS, the change in their net income will be: Exhibit 5 They will save costs in maintenance, power, and so on, but they will lose the rent profit $8,000 if there is no other company rents that floor. Besides, they need to outsource and the outsourcing cost will be 205 hours * $800 per hour = $164,000. Therefore, as it is shown in Exhibit 5, their extra cost of closing SDS will be $94,356. If they don’t rent the place to other companies, they will suffer more loss than keep SDS. As a result, they should keep SDS instead of closing it. What they can do to make their income better is to use option 3, which is to increase commercial revenue hours by up to 30% through putting more money on promotion. This may be unrealistic because if we look into their promotion cost in March, we find out that they spent $8,083 (increased 15% compared to February) on promotion and they increased commercial revenue hours by only very few percentages (only roughly 2%). In order to control their increase in promotion cost fewer than 1548.72, they need to increase only roughly 20% of promotion costs to reach a 30% increase in commercial revenue hours. Assume the relationship between promotion costs with commercial revenue hours is what we observed in February and March (15% increase in promotion cost brings an 2% increase in commercial revenue hours), they need to increase (30% / 2%) * 15% = 225% in promotion costs, which would be 8083 * (1 + 225%) = 26,270. Under this assumption, net income of choosing option 3 will turn out to be 1548.72 – 26,270 = -24,721.28. Still, option 3 would bring them least loss and it is the optimal choice.

Case Study Of Johnson And Johnson Commerce Essay

Case Study Of Johnson And Johnson Commerce Essay For many Chinese people, they could buy some foreign products since 1980s, because many foreign companies have set up in China at that period, and huge amount of imported products were sold in Chinese market, which means the effect of the globalization can be seen in our daily necessities. In 1982, the first Johnson Johnson operating company was opened in China, then a series of products of Johnson Johnson entered Chinese market. Why Johnson Johnson would like to enter other foreign market, especially in developing country like China? This report will examine whether Johnson Johnson is an international corporation or a global corporation through two concept, corporate structure and geographical expansion. Although in previous studies, there is no sole definition of internationalization and globalization, this report will analyze Johnson Johnsons characteristics to support that it is a successful example of global corporations. Contents Introduction In todays competitive business environment, there are a lot of multinational enterprises. Like Johnson Johnson, it could be found in every country. However, in some studies, there is no clearly concept or explanation on whether the corporation is international or global. Many international corporations have been influenced by globalization where they would turn into global corporations. Therefore, the aim of this report is to analyse whether Johnson Johnson is an international firm or a global firm, and discuss what global characteristics it possesses. In order to do a case study of Johnson Johnson, its corporate structure will be described and geographical expansion will be analysed. To summaries when and how did Johnson Johnson become a global corporation? By using a corporate geography perspective, this report will include the analysis of whether geographical expansion is a good way to enhance firms scale or not and if it could change international corporations into global cor porations. However, globalisation might be constrained somehow. Globalisation might also bring corporations more challenges, which could be seen in long run. In the world economy, the use of globalisation might be exaggerated. Internationalization and Globalisation There is no unequivocal definition of what is globalization. According to David DeBry (2001, p. 42), who pointed out that internationalisation is like creating a round-toed shoe that fits people with all types of feet. It is not as comfortable as a perfectly fitted shoe and doesnt fit snugly, but can be worn by many people. Whereas globalization refers to the trend of a more integrated and interdependent world economy. Dicken, P. (2011) mentioned that the concept of globalization became familiar gradually in the past 30 years. Globalization is the method to solve the worlds economic issues (Dicken, 2011). Globalisation might influence the form of companies, which leads to the changing from trade to Foreign Direct Investment (Dicken P. , 2003). Trade volume has increased by the progress of globalisation (Dicken P. , 2011), for example, Chinese people could barely purchase foreign products in China before 1980s until the government approved the reform of Chinese economy approaches. Whi lst the volume of import and export of China reaches a really high amount. Figure 1 Source from Dicken P. 2011 table 2.1 Figure 2 Source from Dicken P. 2011 table 2.2 Nowadays, people witness the establishment of international corporations and global corporations. The worlds largest 500 corporation are usually being classed multinational enterprises (MNEs). An example of global brands is Johnson Johnson. However, how to identify the difference between international corporations and global corporations? First of all, being international corporations, the quantity of branches and subsidiaries are limited, it could be in only one country. But global corporations have many branches and subsidiaries among all over the world. International corporations have some investment in at least one country, they search profitable opportunities, whereas global corporations use the world as an opportunity. For most global corporations, they need to build a global brand, a successful reputation built should link the name, products and logo to many people. For instance, people could hardly find substitute for many Johnson Johnson products, and the majority people have heard this name. According to Giorgio et al. (2002), there are two reasons to why a company should change from international to global company. On the one hand, a company could open its market worldwide. On the other hand, the company could lower its cost. Dicken (2003) demonstrated that a global corporation would be a firm that has the power to coordinate and control operations in a large number of counties (even if it does not own them), but whose geographically dispersed operations are functionally integrated, and not merely a diverse portfolio of activities. The background of Johnson Johnson The concept of corporate structure is the arrangements whereby the firm motivates, coordinates, appraises, and rewards the inputs and resources that belong to its coalition (Caves, 1980:66). Many successful corporations would establish famous branded products and develop different type of products (Caves, 1980). A firms corporate structure is depended on many issues. For example, when one company start up for only 5 years, its corporate structure would be less complex than company which founded 50 years ago. In Johnson Johnson, their board of directors is a group of people who meet a set of General Criteria for membership and are elected to the Board by our shareholders each year. We currently have 14 Board members, 12 of whom are independent under the rules of the New York Stock Exchange. (Johnson Johnson, 2012). Many large corporations tend to have the same corporate structures. It includes about five departments, which are Marketing, Finance, Accounting, Human Resource and IT. Usually corporate structure are four types as following (Dicken P. , 2011): Figure 3 (Source from Dicken P. 2011 Figure 5.8) It can be seen that global corporates structure is more complex than international corporates structure. For Johnson Johnson, the executive committee is the main management team, which is responsible for the operations. The corporate governance is formed by accounting controls, independent auditor, audit committee of their board of directors and business results. Figure 4C:UsersREDesktopConcept2.jpeg This figure shows the board of directors of Johnson Johnson. (Johnson Johnson, 2012) 3.1 A strategy of Johnson Johnson The reason why Johnson Johnson achieves such great success is that it has strict operating mode. (Johnson Johnson, 2012) 1. Market penetration Johnson Johnson has improved the share of market by increasing the quality of products, meanwhile, offering discount is an appropriate way to influence consumers habits and purchasing. 2. Market development It developed new markets to provide the same products for consumers who have the same requires in different countries. 3. Product development It developed new products to old consumers, which would expand popularity. 4. Diversification It provide new products to new markets. 5. Consolidation This step is to retain its stable relationship with consumers. Chandler stated that a firms growth is always through three strategies as following (Chandler, 1962): 1. Expansion is to widen the existing line to the same kinds of consumers. 2. New markets and sources of supplies are very important factors. 3. Developing a wide range of new products for different types of consumers As one of the largest and most comprehensive health care corporation in the world, Johnson Johnson has experienced vital growth in recent years. Johnson Johnson was founded by Robert Wood Johnson with two brothers in New Jersey in 1886. With the expansion and development of its business needs from the 1920 of the 20th century, Johnson Johnson has set up a lot of branches and acquired many companies among Europe, Asia, Australia and Africa. By today Johnson Johnson has established and acquired more than 250 branches and companies in over 57 countries, and has about 129,000 employees. Johnson Johnson is Ranked 42nd in fortune 500 list in 2012. (Johnson Johnson, 2012). In 1924, the first overseas operating company was set up in the United Kingdom, which indicated Johnson Johnson has started its foreign company period. In 1944, Johnson Johnson joined the New York Stock Exchange. (Johnson Johnson, 2012). Revenues of JJ has increased from only $7 billion in 1987 to more than $65 b illion in 2012. Profits increased at an even faster rate, from $329.5 million in 1987 to $9672 million in 2012. (FORTUNE 500, 2012) 3.2 Corporate Structure of Johnson Johnson For every MNE, as key driver of globalization, has its unique corporate structure on a wide variety of market, which influence the corporations management in marketplace. The main sector is the number and size distribution of sellers and buyers, height of barriers to enter and exit (Caves, 1980). Why Johnson Johnson can be called a global corporation is that it has complicated structure. It depends on the development and innovation, because Johnson Johnson has three business divisions: 3.2.1.. Consumer products Baby Care Skin and Hair Care Wound Care and Topicals Oral Health Care Womens Health Over-the-Counter Medicines Nutritionals Vision Care Online store The consumer products chain retail outlets are widespread all over the world, these products are sold to general public and both to wholesalers and directly to individuals, while Pharmaceutical products and Medical device Diagnostics are depend on acquisition of other companies. 3.2.2. Pharmaceutical products Janssen RD LLC Janssen Pharmaceuticals Inc. Janssen Healthcare Innovation Janssen Diagnostics Veridex, LLC These products offer medicines that treat widespread diseases. 3.2.3. Medical device Diagnostics Advanced Sterilization Products Animas Corporation Cordis Corporation DePuy Synthes Companies of Johnson Johnson Ethicon,  Inc. Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. Johnson Johnson Vision Care, Inc. LifeScan, Inc. Ortho-Clinical Diagnostics, Inc. These products might be used in professional fields, such as physicians, nurses, hospitals, and diagnostic laboratories. It has gained the competitive advantage through knowledge of recognition and integration in the world, and achieved implementation and operation. With the development of Johnson Johnson, it has shaped a very complicated company. There are approximately more than 200 different type of products are formed in three departments. To what extent the success of Johnson Johnson could achieve is depends on the relationship between three departments and other business departments. In the past 10 years, Johnson Johnson has purchased more than 60 small firms. It focus on managing the knowledge. Usually, corporation has the following ways to grow: internal expansion, exporting, licensing, franchising, mergers and acquisitions, and geographic expansion. (Bruce R. Barringer, Daniel W. Greening, 1998). These strategies support corporations to enter new markets, as well as develop corporations resources through different countries or regions. Previous studies have revealed that geographic expansion is a new operation in a different area. (Hsien-Jui Chung, Chun-Chung Chen, Tsun-jui Hsieh, 2007). It might form international supply chains, which firms would purchase components, raw materials and services. It was significant to gain growth and enhance performance when Johnson Johnson has set up the first foreign firm in 1924. Geographic expansion would bring a lot of advantages (Farok J. Contractor, Sumit K. Kundu and Chin-Chun Hsu, 2003) Global market often give more scope for economies of scale, which in this case study, has changed Johnson Johnson into a global firm. As Dicken (2011) mentioned that global economy are connected with geographical and organizational structure. He (2011, p. 96) pointed out closely related to the issues of geographical scale and organizational loci is the importance of territoriality in networks. Findings To sum up, from what is discussed above, Johnson Johnson is a global corporation. As a result of some literature, there would be two measurements to determine whether the corporation is globalised or not, which is from organizational and geographical scale. Firstly, Johnson Johnson has complicated corporate structure, it has executive committee to manage and operate Johnson Johnson. Compared with its geographical scale, Johnson Johnson has more than 250 branches and subsidiaries all over the world. Then corporations earn profits from the globalisation economy, which is why many international company would like to expand their subsidiaries and branches to other different countries or regions. Discussion Globalisation plays an important role, it changes the world economy. Firstly, it increases the trade from one country to another. Apart from that, globalisation makes economy prosperous because it raised foreign direct investment while there might be some limitations. When a company is already a global company, what should be their next steps or strategies? Is globalisation the destination for one company? In accordance to some literatures, globalization is end of geography (OBRIEN, 1992). Increasingly companies have gained more profits from globalization, in other words, the progress of globalization gets advantages for enterprises. Conclusions So far, for many people, it is hard to explain what are international corporations and global corporations, because internationalization and globalization cannot be easily distinguished, but actually there are different. Consequently, they can be differentiated by the geographic scale and corporation structure. Globalized companies often owns similar structures. It is easier to understand from some literatures. In this report, a case study of Johnson Johnson has determined that it is a global corporation by analysing its corporate structure, different product lines and company strategies. In competitive business circumstance, globalisation is an inevitable trend, not only for companies, but for the macro-economy. Globalisation makes the whole world look like borderless, it might boost international business.

american lit Essay -- essays research papers

When did American Literature begin?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  -with the Native Americans Three dominant characteristics/themes of Native American Literature?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1. Relationship with the land   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2. Belief in the Great Manito   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  3. Use of natural images How did Columbus describe the New World?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  -astonishing, colorful, marvelous speed of the canoes, a paradise Identify:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  -Bay Psalm Book: first book published in America   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  -manito: spiritual forces   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  -Walum Olum: painted record   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  -allusion: reference to something   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  -concrete language: short, forceful, cleaner   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  -conceit: controlling image   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  -analogy: comparison   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  -simile: direct comparison using like or as   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  -metaphor: saying it is something its not   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   -antonyms: two opposite words   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  -irony: opposite of what's supposed to happen   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  -sarcasm: low form of irony   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  -Great Awakening: fervent revival of religious dedication   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  -pictographs: word pictures Compare and contrast the literature of Puritans and the southern colonies.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  -Puritans: simple, religious, practical, examining of spiritual selves, communicated ideas clearly, explained Biblical interpretation   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  -Southerners: flashy, flowery, ornate, complicated, decorative What is the purpose of ‘A Description of New England?' How does the author go about meeting this purpose?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  -to get people to move to New England; exaggerates the good, doesn't mention the bad What does TULIP stand for? Explain each point.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  -Total Depravity/inability   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  -Unconditional election/selection   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  -Limited Atonement   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  -Irresistible grace   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  -Perseverance/preservation for the saints Identify the conceit of ‘In Reference to Her Children' and ‘Huswifery'   Ã‚  Ã‚  &nb... ...ial encounter with the Devil, wife's involvement, terms of tom's deal, occupation, Tom's fate. Translate Thanatopsis. Summarize Bryant's thanatopsis.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  -‘view of death,' Bryant's view was deaath is one with nature, be with other great people who have gone before, etc. Define:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  -meter: regular rhythm in poetry, unit of meter   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  -foot of poetry: stressed/unstressed syllables/ one stressed two unstressed syllables How is the Black Cat an example of Romantic Literature?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  -focus on self and individual, fascination with the supernatural, gothic Compare and contrast the following views on the dark side of humanity:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  -Death Instinct/Spirit o Perverseness: Freud and Poe–dark side is constantly present   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  -Sinful Nature: Christianity–there is a way out According to Montressor, what are the two requirements of meaningful revenge?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  -can't be consumed by it, once you've taken your revenge, drop it   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  -don't let the person know you're upset with them and seeking revenge

East-Asian Crisis Essay

Has state played a leading role in upgrading technologies in Asia Pacific? Answer with reference to relevant theories and use comparative country or corporate examples. Introduction: The state is a lever that navigates economic process. It is managed by the country government which consists of all educational, socio-cultural, economical and geographical factors. The national innovation systems in Asia have a great significance in the process of technology adjustment (the national institutions, their incentive structures and their competencies, that determine the rate and direction of technological learning (or the volume and composition of change generating activities) in a country.† (Patel and Pavitt (1994: 79)) (4) It sustains governmental institutions and forms economic conditions and opportunities. It influences a market by all restrictions and policies which navigate all import and export activities. The Asia Pacific region includes one of the most economically developed c ountries in the world. According to academic articles(8) developmental states as South Korea, Japan and Taiwan quickened their industrialisation in order to synchronise their economies with globalisation growth. From a historical perspective South Asia went through enormous industrial and state transformation after 2nd World War till the beginning of 21st century. An effective industrialisation process created the need of upgrading technologies and expanding business relations so to sustain the Asian competitive advantage and stabilise its economy. Furthermore a governmental institutional reform appeared to be essential element of the whole adjustment stage. The â€Å"tiger†(9) economies of Hong Kong and Singapore (plus these of South Korea and Taiwan) impressively adapted to balanced level of navigating their market and a â€Å"miracle† GDP growth followed. Examining the transformation processes in these economies creates an objective view of how the state influenced changes in technologies and why it has such a significant part in the East-Asian success. Body: The developmental states Japan: The process of industrialisation is a key developmental factor. It emerged in the beginning of the 20th century by the development of four machine industries: the rolling stock, spinning and weaving machines, machine tools and electric machinery(5)Between all of them the government held strongest influence on the rolling stock-a sub railway system which is an official representative of the system, having trade responsibility and negotiates with suppliers(6).The JNR(Japanese National Railway) policy changed after the 1950s and the private sector started managing its policies with governmental assistance. The rolling stock trading process established the Japanese co-operation with West-European suppliers. Essential approaches like government’s guidance in applying industrial policy, adjustment in labour-management relations, tolerating entrepreneurial firms seen as innovators instead of the zaibatsu-structured equivalents, were taken (3).The mentioned events , concerning Japanese technology adjusting, show the strong relation between state policies and technology level . The state itself is the agent which drives all innovations by the power of its policies and regulations. It played a main role in the factory legislation. Women workers needed protection and they could only receive it by governmental intervention. A report by AAB(Agricultural Affairs Bureau) in 1900 confirmed the negative affect of night shifts onto labour efficiency and technical progress. By taking in consideration this example the state role can be considered as more than crucial. It maintains the economy growth by securing its population conditions (human rights; socio-cultural perspective).In this way it sustains the workforce of the country, which is a main element of stabilising competitive advantage. Despite the fact that most economic articles stress on the â€Å"Japanese Miracle†(1) as a significant period of technology updating and state-system adjustment, the pioneers in technology investment appeared in the Meiji period. These businessmen founded a significant process which contributed to the rapid economic growth after World War II. Japanese role in the Electro-chemical industry has massively influenced the power of Japanese Army. Scientifically educated employees contributed for a better business analysis and strategies. A continuous growth is achieved when a government is concerned both for its trading power and socio-educational system. If both elements are properly maintained a country is able to sustain its competitive status worldwide as its observed in the Japanese case of Toyota-one of the most successful car manufacturer’s. â€Å"The key to the Toyota Way and what makes Toyota stand out is not any of the individual elements†¦. But what is important is having all the elements together as a system. It must be practiced every day in a very consistent manner—not in spurts†(11) Toyota is a great example of brilliant cooperation between increasing labour efficiency and a djusting technology system. Toyota took some fruitful approaches from the Western European managerial model and kept its unique values from the Japanese culture. It is observed that the more an Asian industry is independent from the state the better it adapts to the global business environment. State policies founded initial basis of the most important Asian features that should be taken and not changed in the business-cycle of a company. Toyota managed to follow the roots of the Japanese â€Å"know how† and at the same time keeps attracting professionals from all over the world in order to sustain its competitive advantage. Furthermore as a modern massive share-holder in different sectors it transformed into customer-oriented company targeting more market segments and reassuring to keep the demand of current customers. This is just one of the many great Japanese examples of sustaining a global market share. It can be stated that the more globalisation expands the higher is the need of rapid adaptation m ethods. Strongly centralised firms should transfer into more de-centralised strategic schemes if they want to achieve bigger success on a international level. Korea: From historical perspective Korea was controversially affected by both US (United States-South Korea) and the USSR(Union of Souviet Socialist Rebubplics-North Korea)During the Rhy government period(7) Korea focused on two massive industrial sectors: consumer goods and construction. After the Korean War (1950-1953) they become leading suppliers in these niches. Collaboration between the’’chaebols’’-â€Å"a group of companies, owed by a specific family, has centralised control and business in different industries that are not directly interrelated†((10)Korean Managerial Dynamics p.29) and the state can be considered as a main reason for the rapid industrialisation in the 1960s.The earlier establishment of cartels( Flour Mill, Sugar and Spinning Manufacturers)and corrupted Japanese and American support contributed to the chaebol growth. Hyundai is the major Korean constructor, which used to sustain and still does the Korean economy. Between 1940s and 1970s the ‘’chaebol’’ transformed into a large-multidivisional private system which expanded its business sectors. In this way the new system created economies of scale under a centralised management strategy. The renovated state policies enhanced the labour force and implemented the export industrialisation strategy. In order to (2)The chaebol business structure created highly-controlled production in the 1970s by hiring managers which took the role of supervisors. In the 1980s the government prioritised the need of higher workforce independence. The state shaped the legal frame of Korea, while supporting the chaebol economic and interest policies.((2);p.3)After the KCTU(Korean Confederation of Trade Unions) was established a significant decrease in the chaebol monopolism was noticed. In 1974 a â€Å"concentration of economic power† emerged as a negative issue.(Korean Managerial Dynamics; Chung, Khae and Lee, Hak Chong p.16) The Ko rean bank was forced to take action due to its monopolistic strength: all private businesses provided information to the open capital market. All monopolistic and cartel structures were constricted from entering new markets. Expectedly or not the existing cartels sustained their barriers of entry. Despite the fact Korea was stimulating domestic manufacturing there was a lack of physical technology ability and it has no choice but looking for external â€Å"packaged technology†(Korean Business: Internal and External factors) –component parts, specialised details, product specifications, quality control and professional assistance. In 1980 this resulted in high-inflation rates. Four recovering movements were taken: better managing of market mechanisms and stabilising price levels (led to export of domestically manufactured technologies); transforming domestic monopolism to a free-competitive foreign markets (increasing of social welfare); encouraging foundation of small-medium businesses. It can be concluded that all state reforms derived from either political external or internal problems. The complicated internal reforms caused to a non-balanced upgrading processes. Korea needed a quick re-navigation and focus on catching up with Western Europe rivals. Good examples of chaebol companies are Samsung and Hyundai. Samsung (founded in 1938 (12))business group is the largest one in terms of annual sales-21 billion dollars in 1987 with 160,000 workers in 42 companies (10 p.29) It entered the insurance, security and enterprise sectors. Nowadays it possesses a major shares in electronics, chemical, construction, manufacturing, land development, service and technology markets. By a constant governmental navigation and assistance this great example of East-Asian conglomerate diversified its supply. While the state takes responsibility of providing well-educated and strong workforce the company itself is concerned of the trading process and constant technology upgrading. â€Å"When Samsung has difficulties in transferring technology, it relied on several different strategic avenues: seeking alternative sources of technology, buying it from financially troubled, small American firms; developing its own technology; or entering a consortium with other local competitors to develop technology†((15)â€Å"Korean Business: Internal and External Industrialisation†) By analysing this strategic approach an excellent decision-making skills are observed. The alternative of â€Å"buying† from American small firms shows that the Korean leader constantly generates cash flow in order to afford such activities in a critical moment. Even â€Å"consortium† schemes were made which shows the great adaptation to the market condition and to all supplying competitors. By competing in different markets and upgrading its business structure Samsung enhances Korean economic stability and competitiveness on international level. A leading competitive ad vantage of Samsung is the brilliant combination of price and quality. The possession of well-educated managers and continuously upgraded technology provides a great reputation of top gadget- producer. Taiwan: The favourable geographic location of the country between the Far-East and Southeast Asia made it a desirable trading place between Western Europe and Asia. Different rivals colonised it as well. Taiwan started its technological developmental in a later stage comparing to its bigger neighbours Japan and Korea. After the 1990s Taiwan became one of the leading ICT(Information and technology communications)suppliers(16)Its well-maintained Research and Development sector and patented technology are fair reasons of the current success. Chinese neoliberalism: A slower economic growth in China is observed comparing to the Japanese and Korean one. A high negative influence of the conserved socio-cultural environment is a main reason. The CFB(Chinese Family Business) internal managerial system has a closed-family ideology. There was a conflict between Chinese conservatism and Chinese world-economy adaptation. Its governmentally centralised system suffered lack of managerial professionalism. This introvert attitude of CFB to business created an obstacle for further technologic improvement because establishing new operational system needs well-educated navigators familiarised with the technology. Furthermore loosing the market trading processes of import and export was irreversible. Modernisation schemes were taken: increase of international trades and foundation of FDI(Foreign Direct Investment- investing in country A, by taking advantage of its geographical and labour conditions and controlling from country B which owns all assets and benefit the bigger prt of the incentive) , which was quite beneficial strategy both for China and Japan. It was necessary to minimise the cultural interference and radically involve western techniques. By focusing onto micro-level variables as behaviour China kept losing its macro level of structural and technological competitiveness. The strong communism affected negatively on both industrialisation and technology adjustment. Recent technology-transfer Laws in the Asia Pacific: Setting up Transfer Laws has essential role in the whole Asia-Pacific trade legitimacy. They also determine the significance of technologies and how they are used in a more effective way. In China a warmer attitude to foreign companies is observed. Its entry into the WTO(World Trade Organisation) encouraged cross-continental transfers. In 1999 China accepted the UCL(Unified Contract Law) which gave more freedom by license agreement which can be signed between partners and fasten all transfers. In 2003 The Ministry of Commerce was founded as well as new three-type technology categorisation: prohibited, restricted or permitted. The foundation of such institutions was a necessity in order to exclude all wasting money and time processes, which is both beneficial for suppliers and buyers. The determinant of accepting import transfer is whether it will enhance China’s technological improvement. Furthermore it should not be an environmental and security constraint. Equivalent technology licences(legal and contractual) were formed in Japan. In April 2004 the National University Corporation Law was accepted, providing bigger educational independence which enhances the social welfare and gives more opportunities to young individuals specialise their skills into different sectors. Historically observed, South-Korea always had strictly controlled technology-licensing system in order to preserve newly-founded firms from their out-boundaries rivals and ensures continuous development. Co-operation between education and management led the Asian Pacific to a top place in the technology world. The laws approved in the end of 20th century were turned into a new transfer law in the 21st century. The FIPA(Foreign Investment Promotion Act) is in charge of all foreign investment s. It is an autonomous institution which has the power to simplify and navigate all import activities for the sake of higher country incentive. Its strategy is to attract investment and sustain competitive international advantage. The Monopoly Regulation and FTA(Fair Trade act )(Hill,2006)(19) Conclusion: While the Asia Pacific was struggling to escape out of its cultural constraints and its isolated business system during the first half of the 20th century, it appeared that it adapted rapidly through the second half of the century. It went under serious governmental and structural transforms. It seems that the Asian recovery period after the Second World War was far away more intensive and successful comparing to some European countries. From 1990 to 1997 Asia generated over one-third of the global value-added production by high-technology production industries, higher to the the European and US shares.(13) Investments in the Research and Development sector are significant for successf ul technology adjustment. The establishment of new universities and modifying their educational systems provide scientists and intelligent individuals who can operate and cope with the technology process. The importance of conserving culture-oriented models is of the same sensuality as expanding growth on international level. The Asian ambition of establishing leadership in important world industries contributed to its success. Although there were huge periods of struggling adapting new managerial work-plans the â€Å"tiger economies† managed to survive during tough war and reform periods. Even not really friendly-orientated of cooperating between each other Asian economy survived because of the common adaptation strength and control of markets. The connection between the state and business was not simply one of interference or direction by the state of the market. â€Å"It was rather a positive partnership involving many connections between entities† (Johnson,1997)A geographical advantage of more isolated location in the world enhanced the Asian state independence and its technology orientation. Obviously the bigger sized Asian economies like China and Japan overtook cultural and religion influence.They started their recovering processes more rapidly comparing to the late-comer economies of Korea, Taiwan and Malaysia.(Warner,2007) Bibliography: 1. Maidement, R., Mackerras C., (1998) Culture and Society In The Asia-Pacific, United Kingdom: Routledge 2. Rowley, C., Bae, J., (1998) Korean Business Internal and External Industrialization, Chippenham: Antony Rowe Ltd. 3. Yui, T., Nakagawa, (1989) Japanese Management in Historical Perspective, Japan: University of Tokyo Press 4. Kwon, S., O’Donnell, M., (2001) The Chaebol and Labour in Korea The development of managmenet strategy in Hyundai, Oxon: Routledge 5. Rowley, C., Warner, M., (2009) Management in South-East Asia Business Culture, Enterprises and Human Resources, Oxfordshire: Routledge 6. Chung, K., Lee H., (1989) Korean Managerial Dynamics, New York: Praeger 7. The Japanese Miracle, http://www.japanese123.com/japanesemiracle.htm Date accessed 2/12/2012 8. Borisova, N., (2011) The market, the state, and the culture in economic development in Asia, http://nataliaborisova.hubpages.com/hub/market-state-culture-asia Date accessed 2/12/2012 9. (2004)Four The Rise of the Regions: Fiscal Reform and the Decline of Central State Capacity i n China 10. http://publishing.cdlib.org/ucpressebooks/view?docId=ft5g50071k&chunk.id=d0e3492&toc.depth=100&brand=ucpress Date accessed 2/12/2012 11. Wu Y., (2004) The China Quarty, Volume 177, pp 91-114 12. Samsung History, http://www.samsung-mobiles.net/history-of-samsung.html Date accessed 3/12/2012 13. Taiwan’s Technology Industry Marks Global Success http://www.forbescustom.com/DiversityPgs/UnityFirst/3_4_09/UFNAACPTaiwanTechP1.html Date accessed 4/12/2012 http://www.pom.ir/wp-content/uploads/PDF/book/The%20Toyota%20Way.pdf 14. http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/nsf07319/pdf/nsf07319.pdf 15. http://www.jrtr.net/jrtr41/pdf/f14_miz.pdf 16. http://www.economist.com/node/13649520 17. 10) 18. Hill, D., 2006, â€Å"Developments in Asia†,The Licensing Journal

Volcanic Eruptions and Hawaii: The Dreadful Effects of Magma

Volcanic Volcanic eruptions and Hawaii: The Dreadful Effects of MagmaParticularsPage No.Understanding Vents2Home plate Architectonicss3Erupted Material4Hawaii and Volcanic Volcanic eruptions5Volcanic eruption History6Impact of the Hawaiian Volcanic eruptions7Other Side of the Coin8Precautions/Safety in Hawaiian island9-10Recommendation for catastrophe Management11Mentions12Understanding Vents Thevolcano wordis acquired from Vulcano, a volcanic concatenation of the Aeolian Islands of Italy whose name in bend is derived from Vulcan, the God of fire in Roman mythology. Avolcanois a crevice on the exterior layerof aplanetary-mass surface, like Earth, which permits volcanic ash, hot lava, and gases to dispatch from a magma chamber below the surface. Vents originate on Earth as its crust is divided into 17prime, house tectonic home bases drifting above a soft bed with high temperature within its mantle. Therefore vents are normally present in countries wherethis tectonic home bases indulge in diverging or meeting activity. For case, a mid-oceanic ridge, such as theRidge, is an result of diverging tectonic home bases ; whereas the Pacific ring of Fire is formed by meeting home bases nearing towards each other. Stretching and cutting of the home bases inside the earth’s exterior bed can besides ensue into a vent, e.g. , Rio Grande Rift in North America. Volcanic activities can besides be seen at countries off from the tectonic home bases and are known as Hotspots.Volcanoes in Hawaii are believed to originate from a central-mantle, 3,000km deep inside the surface of Earth. It is a rare state of affairs to happen a vent in an country where home bases slide over each other. Vents which Erupt have the ability to do threat, even in the countries non environing the eruption part. A threat like the ash of the vent can make a immense hazard for an Aeroplane specifically 1s with the jet engines, the atoms will liquefy at high temperatures and stick toblades in the turbine changing their formation. Huge eruptions cool the lower ambiance of the Earth but besides lead to hot temperatures at the upper ambiance of the Earth. Adequate grounds exists to turn out that the volcanic winters lead to black dearths. Some common types of vents are shield vents, crypto domes. Volcanic cones ( cinder cones ) , stratovolcanoes, super vents, pigboat vents and clay vents Home plate tectonics Divergent home base boundaries The formation of a new ocean crust leads to the separation of two tectonic home bases besides as the surface is really slender near these topographic points the stretch due to the tectonic home bases, consequences into fragmental thaw of the mantle, ensuing in volcanic eruptions. As these type of boundaries exist deep into the oceans the volcanic activities are normally undersea. Convergent home base boundaries The hit of two home bases leads to the formation of magma as one of the home bases increases the temperature of H2O in the submersed home base forming magma. Due to its high silicon oxide content the magma is vigorous in nature, normally the magma is unable to do it to the surface. But formation of a vent takes topographic point when it is able to make to the upper surface organizing an island. â€Å" Hot spots † Volcanic countries which are considered to â€Å" Hotspots â€Å" is the name given to volcanic countries believed to be established bynucleation of a hot stone inside the Earth taking to a nappy, vents turn inactive temporarily as tectonic home bases move across them. The Hawaiian Islands is considered as a consequence of such process. Though, many disapprove with these sort of unproved theories. Erupted stuff Lava composingMagma holding the silica content of more than 63 % is known as felsic. Felsic lava is a extremely barbarous and vigorous fluid normally erupted from big sized domes. Gass which get trapped due to its barbarous nature leads to immense pollution.52–63 % of silicon oxide content is known as the lava of intermediatecomposition. Normally formed by hydration thaw of peridotite this magma contains deposits and therefore silica content is lower than felsic.45-52 % of silicon oxide content, the lava is known as mafic. These lavas have high content of Mg and Fe and be given to be hotter than felsic excessively. Mafic lava is a really common sight in the instance of volcanic eruptionsThe ultramafic lava is the one which contains less than 45 % of silicon oxide content, it is highly rare to happen the ultramafic lava, it has been found merely one time till now and is the hottest one of all. Fluid is excessively hot and is besides higher in content of Mg and Fe compared to ma fic lava.Hawaii and Volcanic Volcanic eruptions Hawaii is a typical topographic point when it comes to geological universes criterions as it is cause by â€Å"hotspots† . There exist merely a few of hot spots on Earth and Hawaii has the biggest crustal surface beneath its vents on Earth – the Pacific home base. The motion of the home bases has resulted into the Hawaiian island and Kauai holding inactive vents stands to be the most elderly island of all, and is about 50lakh old ages old. The most immature and besides one of the active vents is the island which is besides known as the â€Å"big Island† which we all know as Hawaii with the lava crust less than a million twelvemonth old. Loihi is besides one of the active vents in Hawaii. Kilauea the most active vent in the universe is a shield vent covering 14 % of the entire island the south-east portion of the Hawaii. The local population believe the 1227metre vent to be the place of Hawaiian vent goddess Pele. From a normal oculus it seems to be merged with another vent i.e. the Mauna Loa whereas scientific research prove that it is an unconnected vent with its ain activities. The vent has 61 recorded eruptions harmonizing to the United States geo-survey and has shown uninterrupted activities since the past 32 old ages. Volcanic eruption History The local Hawaiian people have written about the extraordinary phenomenon of volcanic eruption manner before the worldwide diaries. Thomas Jagger is one of the great personalities in the geologists list to hold done the base research on the activities of vent and besides to convert the United States geological section to take deeper research of these vents though Jagger is an American geologist, he formed the Hawaiian volcanic research association before the Geological section merely with the aid of a local business communities. The Hawaiians have a long history with these vents who they consider as their Gods and have written about them in the same mode. They believe these eruptions to be the choler or sadness of their God towards them. The twelvemonth 1990 experienced the most devastation menace by the Kilauea as it destroyed about 100 houses including a church and the town Parkss. The impact left a lava filling of 15-24 meters on the town therefore destructing everything that of all time existed on the surface. A Person names jack Thompson was loath to go forth his place even after detecting all his neighbors and milieus consumed by lava near the royal gardens. It was merely in 2012 when he and his friend were rescued by a chopper as his house was consumed by the vigorous lava of the Hawaiian vents. Lava still flows continuously to the ocean harmonizing to an observation by geologists. Impact of the Hawaiian Volcanic eruptions About 3 lakh people have died due to a direct or indirect impact of a volcanoe in the past 500 old ages. The explosive eruptions of vents have caused a batch of these deceases. Hawaiian eruptions are quieter and hold more fluids. Near to 97 people have died due to eruptions in Hawaii. But the impact of these eruptions on the civilized society and their substructures has been lay waste toing. An full small town names Kapoho has been brought to land zero in 1960 eruption. The volcanic activities have besides destroyed the royal gardens and a small town called Kalapana. An full small town named Hilo with the population of 40 thousand people was under great menace in 1984 Mauna Loa eruptions. Fortunately the Lava stopped some kilometers before the metropolis therefore salvaging it from being one of the largest risky volcanic eruption in the history. Volcanic eruptions have about destroyed 200 standing constructions including national Parkss, Gardens and many places and edifices in the little town of Kalapana. Except of the short term impacts of the vents, the large concern is are the people populating around still healthy? Dangerous gases such as H2O, CO2, CO, SO2, and H2S are spread in the air through volcanic eruptions A Study by an helper professor of the Nevada Orvis School of nursing shows that there was a important addition in concerns and sore pharynxs with people coming in contact with the vent or life nearby it. Besides 56 % addition was observed in people describing coughs after an impact and 600 % addition in take a breathing related diseases. In long term external respiration in the surrounding of a vent such as life in Hawaii can diminish the life anticipation to a great extent and therefore is besides non a suited pick for people with take a breathing upsets. Other Side of the Coin The Geo-thermal power works which can be constructed near a vent is really helpful to Hawaii as they have abundant militias due to volcanic activities.the Puna Geo-thermal works contributes to 23 % per centum of the electricity needs in Hawaii bring forthing 30megawatts of electricity and besides has late increased the production capacity by 8 % . The Volcanoes in Hawaii have provided a batch to the comprehensive cognition of the worlds on vents. The research on the nature of these vents is one of the basic grounds why today scientists are able to understand and foretell volcanic eruptions, salvaging a big sum of of human lives. Thus Hawaii has presented an exceeding chance for the survey and research of vents and their behavior in general. Volcanic activity beneath the ocean has the ability to make islands such as Hawaii itself. Unique sorts of workss and animate beings evolve in these sort of islands, Such as the Hawaiian Flora.Thus Hawaii really owns its being to such results of volcanic eruptions. Precautions/ Safety warning Systems in the Hawaiian Island It is believed that Kilauea is a safe vent as it’s slow and the Hawaiian national park has provided proper guidelines at each risky zone. Although tourer non cognizant about the insecure environment and besides the type of tourer who wittingly break the guidelines lead to a large figure of deceases. There have been instances of people sitting on a stone of magma and taking to hurts due to tear in the stone as the interior was weak and was unseeable to a normal oculus. Populating near an eruption zone? Don’t worry you will be informed for emptying merely in clip. The USGS scientists have instruments supervising the rift zones every hr each twenty-four hours. The seismographs predict the volcanic eruption manner before as there has to be some activity, there is no such thing as a sudden eruption as the new engineerings can observe it several hours prior to the eruption excessively. During the Kalapana Eruption in 1990 the local population was informed hebdomads before therefore supplying them a batch of clip for emptying. The United States Geological Survey section has implemented assorted safety alert- presentment systems against the activities of vents. The watchful presentment degree is dependent on four degree qui vives and besides four levelled air power coloring material codification. The degrees are decided by the scientist by monitoring and analyzing the volcanic activities and along with their cognition and experience on the eruptions. The vent alert degree can be explained utilizing the colors and the four degrees which are normal, consultative, ticker and warning. These marks are spread through wirelesss and the air power coloring material codifications are spread out in the sky utilizing aircrafts to signal the population on the landDegreeAviation coloring material codificationInterpretationNormalGreenIt is normal as specified, therefore the vent has stopped break outing and has reached to an inactive provinceAdvisoryYellowThe activities have minimized in an effectual mode but still barbarous activities might regenerate the eruptionWatchOrangeVolcano is active and is demoing barbarous activities the tallness and ash exhausts degree are besides provided if possible.WarningRedVolcanic eruption is prevailing on a important degree and tallness of the ash exhausts and the degree is highly unsafe. Take immediate actions towards your safety.Recommendations for Disaster Management As observed throughout my research the USGS has already taken a batch of proper stairss against the safety of worlds during the volcanic eruption idea there are some recommendations which can increase the safety of the population. To USGS Awareness among the tourers: – During the research, It was found that a batch of tourers in Hawaii are incognizant of the safety jeopardies and the proper significance of the catastrophe marks. The decease and hurt rate among the tourer in Hawaii still exists and should be prevented. To Population Communication: – There are opportunities of the communicating web acquiring disrupted during such a state of affairs, therefore everyone should cognize whom and how to pass on during such a state of affairs Responsible Emptying: – A list of points should be kept for such unfortunate events -Significant paperss, Medications, Valuables which are easy to transport and nutrient supply for long term endurance. Normally people who are designated as absurd before the catastrophe sometimes are the 1s who survive it. Cipher is prepared for such a jeopardy that’s the lone ground it is termed as a catastrophe. A responsible and educated society can avoid immense loss of human lives during such jeopardies. Mentions Hawaii flora – Hawaiian flowers and workss. 2015.Hawaii flora – Hawaiian flowers and workss. [ ONLINE ] Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.to-hawaii.com/flora.php. [ Accessed 25 March 2015 ] . . 2015.. [ ONLINE ] Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.eia.gov/state/ ? sid=HI. [ Accessed 25 March 2015 ] . Benefits of Volcanoes. 2015.Benefits of Volcanoes. [ ONLINE ] Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.universetoday.com/32576/benefits-of-volcanoes/ . [ Accessed 25 March 2015 ] . Evacuating During Volcanic Activity. 2015.Evacuating During Volcanic Activity. [ ONLINE ] Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.hilo.hawaii.edu/~nat_haz/volcanoes/evacuating.php. [ Accessed 26 March 2015 ] . Kilauea Volcanic Eruption in Hawaii Threatens Village | GeoEvents | Earthscope. 2015.Kilauea Volcanic Volcanic eruption in Hawaii Threatens Village | GeoEvents | Earthscope. [ ONLINE ] Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.earthscope.org/science/geo-events/kilauea-volcanic-eruption-in-hawaii-threatens-village. [ Accessed 28 March 2015 ] . Danger in Eden: The concealed jeopardies of vent geotourism | EARTH Magazine. 2015.Danger in Eden: The concealed jeopardies of vent geotourism | EARTH Magazine. [ ONLINE ] Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.earthmagazine.org/article/danger-paradise-hidden-hazards-volcano-geotourism. [ Accessed 02 April 2015 ] . Health Effectss of Hawaii’s’ Active Volcano – Honolulu wellness and felicity | Examiner.com. 2015.Health Effectss of Hawaii’s’ Active Volcano – Honolulu wellness and felicity | Examiner.com. [ ONLINE ] Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.examiner.com/article/health-effects-of-hawaii-s-active-volcano. [ Accessed 02 April 2015 ] . The 1859 eruption of Mauna Loa and its human impact. . 2015.The 1859 eruption of Mauna Loa and its human impact.. [ ONLINE ] Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //hvo.wr.usgs.gov/volcanowatch/archive/2002/02_01_17.html. [ Accessed 02 April 2015 ] .